The Central DogmaThe central dogma of molecular biology is an explanation of the flow of genetic information within a biological system. This has also been described as DNA makes RNA makes protein. However, this simplification does not make it clear that the central dogma as stated by Crick does not preclude the reverse flow of information from RNA to DNA, but only the reverse flow from protein to RNA or DNA.
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A. What is the Central DogmaGenes contain/need functional molecules called proteins. The journey from gene to protein is complex and tightly controlled with each cell. During the process of transcription, the information stored in a gene’s DNA is transferred to a similar molecule called RNA. Translation, the second step in getting from a gene to a protein , takes place in the cytoplasm. Last, The flow of information from DNA to RNA to proteins is one of the fundamental principles of molecular biology.
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B. What is DNADNA is deoxyribonucleic acid and is hereditary material in humans and almost all other organisms. The cell is the basic structure of the body. The human body is built of billions and trillions of cells. Cells of different organs vary according to their function. Each cell contains the hereditary material and can make copies of themselves by reproducing and multiplying. After a specific life span the old cells die off. Last, Parts of the cell are called organelles.
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C. What is a GeneA gene is the basic physical and functional unit of heredity. Then, they are the directions for all the proteins that make our body functional. Genes are made of DNA and on strand of DNA that Contains many genes. All of these genes in our body are why we are able to operate parts in our body.
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D. Transcription and TranslationThe DNA that makes up the human genome can be subdivided into information bytes called genes. All genes encodes a unique protein that performs a specialized function in the cell. At the ribosomes, the RNA is used as a template for assembling a protein molecule from its building blocks (amino acids). This process is called translation. Last, The human genome contains more than 25,000 genes
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E. What is a ProteinProteins are the machines that make all living things function. Proteins are a class of nitrogenous organic compounds that consist of large molecules composed of one or more long chains of amino acid.They are an essential part of all living organisms, as structural components of body tissues such as muscle, hair, collagen, etc., and as enzymes and antibodies.
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F. An Example of Gene ExpressionIn the nucleus of a cell, an enzyme called RNA polymerase finds the DNA encoding the gene. Then, RNA polymerase copies the gene in the form in a messenger, a molecule very similar to DNA. This copying process is called translation.
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